Identification of key molecules in miRNA-mRNA regulatory network associated with high-grade serous ovarian cancer recurrence using bioinformatic analysis / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the correlation of the potential functional microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA regulatory network with recurrence of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) and its biological significance.@*METHODS@#This study was performed based on the data of 354 patients with HGSOC from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. In these patients, HGSOC was divided into different subtypes based on the pathways identified by GO analysis, and the correlations of the subtypes with HGSOC recurrence and differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were assessed. Two relapse-related datasets were identified using the Gene Set Enrichment (GSE) database, from which the differentially expressed miRNAs were identified by intersection with the TCGA data. The target genes of these miRNAs were predicted using miRWalk 2.0 database, and these common differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were used to construct the key miRNA-mRNA network associated with HGSOC recurrence. The expression of miR-506-3p and SNAI2 in two ovarian cancer cell lines was detected using RT-qPCR and Western blotting, and their targeted binding was verified using a double luciferase assay. The effect of miR-506-3p expression modulation on ovarian cancer cell migration was detected using scratch assay and Transwell assay.@*RESULTS@#We screened 303 GO terms of HGSOC-related pathways and identified two HGSOC subtypes (C1 and C2). The subtype C1 was associated with a significantly higher recurrence rate than C2. The differentially expressed genes between C1 and C2 subtypes were mainly enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Five miRNAs were identified as potential regulators of EMT, and a total of 41 target genes were found to be involved in the differential expressions of EMT pathway between C1 and C2 subtypes. The key miRNA-mRNA network associated with HGSOC recurrence was constructed based on these 5 miRNAs and 41 mRNAs. MiR-506-3p was confirmed to bind to SNAI2, and up-regulation of miR-506-3p significantly inhibited SNAI2 expression and reduced migration and invasion of SKOV3 and CAOV3 cells (P < 0.05), while miR-506-3p knockdown produced the opposite effects (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#MiR-506-3p and SNAI2 are the key molecules associated with HGSOC recurrence. MiR-506-3p may affect EMT of ovarian cancer cells by regulating cell migration and invasion via SNAI2, and its expression level has predictive value for HGSOC recurrence.

Head acupuncture combined with exercise therapy for nonspecific low back pain：a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effect between head acupuncture combined with exercise therapy and conventional acupuncture for nonspecific low back pain.@*METHODS@#A total of 64 patients with nonspecific low back pain were randomized into an observation group (32 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (32 cases, 2 cases dropped off). In the control group, conventional acupuncture was applied at Jiaji (EX-B 2) of L1 to L3, ashi point, Shenshu (BL 23), Dachangshu (BL 25), Yaoyangguan (GV 3) and Weizhong (BL 40). The observation group was treated with head acupuncture combined with exercise therapy, head acupuncture was applied at foot-motor-sensory area on the healthy side and Cuanzhu (BL 2), Tongziliao (GB 1) on the affected side, and McKenzie therapy was performed during retention. The needles were retained for 40 min, once a day, continuous treatment for 6 days with the interval of 1 day, 14 days were required in the two groups. Before and after treatment, the pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Oswestry disability index (ODI) score and infrared thermography temperature of pain area in the low back were compared in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the VAS and ODI scores after treatment were decreased in the two groups (P<0.01), and those in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.01). Compared before treatment, the infrared thermography temperature of pain area in the low back after treatment was increased in the two groups (P<0.01), and that in the observation group was higher than the control group (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Head acupuncture combined with exercise therapy could relieve pain, improve dysfunction and increase the local temperature of pain area in patients with nonspecific low back pain, and its curative effect is better than conventional acupuncture.

Essence of SUN Shen-tian's clinical features on acupuncture and moxibustion / 中国针灸

To summarize SUN Shen-tian's treatment ideas and clinical features. SUN applies meridian syndrome differentiation to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases; advocates that prevention and treatment of diseases should be regulated mind firstly; applies transcranial repetitive acupuncture combined modern cerebral cortex function positioning; emphasizes the application of multiple acupuncture methods and manipulation, and includes the meridian penetrating needling method, the flat needling and penetrating needling method, and the stagnant needle lifting method, pays attention to the importance of achieving qi and manipulation for the effect.

Effect of rehabilitation treatment based on the ICF-CY Core Sets on activities of daily living in children with cerebral palsy: a prospective randomized controlled study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effect of rehabilitation treatment based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY) Core Sets on activities of daily living in children with cerebral palsy.@*METHODS@#The children with cerebral palsy were divided into an observation group (@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in the scores of the WeeFIM and Social-Life Abilities scales between the two groups before treatment (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The rehabilitation treatment regimen for cerebral palsy based on the CF-CY Core Sets pays more attention to the influence of environmental factors in the process of rehabilitation and can effectively improve the activities of daily living of children with cerebral palsy.

Motives for Empathy among Clinical Nurses in China: A Qualitative Study

Purpose@#This study aimed to explore the motives of clinical nurses for experiencing empathy with patients and their families based on a self-determination theory framework. @*Methods@#Semi-structured face-to-face interviews with twenty-one nurses at four tertiary hospitals in Anhui, China, were conducted, recorded and transcribed. A content analysis with a directed approach was performed. @*Results@#An analysis of the interview transcripts revealed three categories of empathy motivation: autonomous motivation, controlled motivation and a lack of empathy motivation. Autonomous motivation included personal interests, enjoyment and a sense of value, pure altruism, assimilation, and recognition of the importance of empathy. Controlled motivation highlighted pressures from oneself and others, the possibility of tangible or intangible rewards, and avoidance of adverse effects. Finally, a lack of empathy motivation referred to a lack of intention for empathy and denial of the value of empathy. @*Conclusion@#This study provides a deep understanding of the motives underlying empathy in nurses. The results reveal the reasons for empathy and may support the development of effective strategies to foster and promote empathy in nurses.

Motives for Empathy among Clinical Nurses in China: A Qualitative Study

Purpose@#This study aimed to explore the motives of clinical nurses for experiencing empathy with patients and their families based on a self-determination theory framework. @*Methods@#Semi-structured face-to-face interviews with twenty-one nurses at four tertiary hospitals in Anhui, China, were conducted, recorded and transcribed. A content analysis with a directed approach was performed. @*Results@#An analysis of the interview transcripts revealed three categories of empathy motivation: autonomous motivation, controlled motivation and a lack of empathy motivation. Autonomous motivation included personal interests, enjoyment and a sense of value, pure altruism, assimilation, and recognition of the importance of empathy. Controlled motivation highlighted pressures from oneself and others, the possibility of tangible or intangible rewards, and avoidance of adverse effects. Finally, a lack of empathy motivation referred to a lack of intention for empathy and denial of the value of empathy. @*Conclusion@#This study provides a deep understanding of the motives underlying empathy in nurses. The results reveal the reasons for empathy and may support the development of effective strategies to foster and promote empathy in nurses.

Pregnancy outcomes of the first thawing cycle in "freeze-all" strategy of infertility patients with fever during oocyte recruitment: a matched-pair study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#It is currently unknown whether patients with a fever after controlled ovulation during egg retrieval could increase the risk of pelvic infection or not, and fever itself may affect endometrial receptivity or embryo quality with poor pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of patients with fever during oocyte retrieval after the first frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycle.@*METHODS@#This was a 1:3 retrospective paired study matched for age. In this study, 58 infertility patients (Group 1) had a fever during the control ovulation, and the time of the oocyte retrieval was within 72 hours, they underwent ovum pick up and whole embryo freezing ("freeze-all" strategy). The control subjects (Group 2) are 174 patients matched for age who underwent whole embryo freezing for other reasons. The baseline characteristics, clinical data of ovarian stimulation, and outcomes, such as the clinical pregnancy rate, ongoing clinical pregnancy rate were compared between the two groups in the subsequent FET cycle.@*RESULTS@#All patients had no pelvic inflammatory disease after oocyte retrieval. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels (4.2 vs. 2.2, P <0.001) were higher in group 2, and the number of oocytes retrieved, and fertilization rate were lower in group 1 (P < 0.001), but the endometrial thickness, the number of embryo transfers, and the type of luteal support supplementation were similar between the two groups. Regarding pregnancy outcomes in the subsequent FET cycle, the implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, early spontaneous rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, and ongoing pregnancy rate were all not significantly different. Further regression analyses showed that the clinical pregnancy rate and ongoing pregnancy rate were also not significantly different.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicular puncture for oocyte retrieval is a safe and minimally invasive method for patients with fever. Moreover, the fever had almost no effect on embryo quality.

Suspension Culture and Alkaloid Content of Pinelliae Rhizoma Tuber Under Stimulation of Salicylic Acid / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To study the suspension culture of tuber and its alkaloid content based on the stimulation of salicylic acid. Method: The tubers of Pinelliae Rhizoma in suspension tube were treated with different concentrations of exogenous salicylic acid to analyze the growth status. The content of alkaloids in tuber was detected by HPLC. Test conditions:chromatographic column for Agilent Eclipse plus C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),mobile phase of acetonitrile water(4:96),the column temperature was maintained at 35℃,detection wavelength for inosine 250 nm,guanosine 260 nm,volume flow rate 1.0 mL·min-1. Result: The results showed that the exogenous salicylic acid had a certain effect on the growth of suspension tuber of Pinelliae Rhizoma. When the salicylic acid concentration was 150 μmol·L-1,the culture lasted for 25 days and the fresh weight reached the maximum value of 7.483 8 g. It also accumulates a certain amount of alkaloids. The linear range of guanosine was 0.03-0.45 μg (R2=0.999 6). After 10-days cultivatation in the salicylic acid concentration of 50 μmol·L-1,guanosine content of Pinelliae Rhizoma tubers reached a maximum of 1.353 3 mg·g-1. The linear range of inosine 0.003-0.045 μg (R2=0.999 5). When the salicylic acid concentration was 200 μmol·L-1,cultured for 30 days,the content of inosine in Pinelliae Rhizoma tubers reached the maximum value of 0.149 8 mg·g-1. Conclusion: The results of this experiment provide a reference for the study of tissue culture and rapid propagation of Pinelliae Rhizoma tubers and regulation of alkaloids,which are of great significance for the development of Pinelliae Rhizoma industry.

18F-FDG PET/CT imaging on a case of primary pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma / 天津医药

Primary pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma (PPMA) is a low incidence subtype of lung adenocarcinoma. Clinical data of a case with PPMA confirmed pathologically were retrospectively analyzed. The case of PPMA was found the primary lesion and lymph node and bone metastases by 18F-FDG PET/CT examination on May 2017 in People's Liberation Army No. 254 Hospital. We discussed the clinical application of PET/CT in the diagnosis, staging and efficacy evaluation of PPMA.

A ruptured pulmonary arteriovenous fistula after laparoscopic operation / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) is a rare anomaly in the lung, and hemothorax or massive hemoptysis due to spontaneous rupture of the fistula sac is even rarer. The patient described here was a 47-year-old woman who presented with massive hemoptysis resulting from the rupture of her PAVF just after laparoscopic operation. To our knowledge, this may be the first case ever reported that the rupture of PAVF may be correlated with a laparoscopic operation. The patient survived without adverse events after emergency pulmonary lobectomy.

Prospective study of ketogenic diet in treatment of children with global developmental delay / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of ketogenic diet (KD) on neurobehavioral development, emotional and social behaviors, and life ability in children with global developmental delay (GDD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective case-control study was performed for hospitalized children with GDD, who were randomly divided into KD treatment group (n=40) and conventional treatment group (n=37). The children in both groups were given comprehensive rehabilitation training, and those in the KD treatment group were given modified Atkins diet in addition to the comprehensive rehabilitation training. The children in both groups were assessed with the Gesell Developmental Scale, Chinese version of Urban Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (CITSEA)/Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and Infants-Junior High School Students' Social Life Abilities Scale (S-M scale) before treatment and after 3, 6, and 9 months of treatment. The two groups were compared in terms of the improvements in neurobehavioral development, emotional and social behaviors, and social life ability.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 3, 6, and 9 months of treatment, the KD treatment group had significantly greater improvements in the scores of the adaptive, fine motor, and language quotients of the Gesell Developmental Scale compared with the conventional treatment group (P<0.05); the KD treatment group had significantly greater improvements in CITSEA/CBCL scores than the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). The KD treatment group had a greater improvement in the score of the S-M scale after 9 months of treatment (P<0.05). During the KD treatment, 6 children experienced diarrhea and 1 experienced mild urinary stones.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>KD can improve the neurobehavioral development and behavioral and emotional behaviors in children with GDD, and it has few adverse effects.</p>

Quantitative evaluation of white matter development in fetus with growth restriction by diffusion tensor imaging / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether fetal growth restriction (FGR) has an adverse effect on white matter development.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 28 full-term small for gestational age (SGA) infants were enrolled as study subjects and 15 full-term appropriate for gestational age infants were enrolled as control group. Conventional head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed for all infants. The white matter was divided into 122 regions. The two groups were compared in terms of fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity of different brain regions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the SGA group had a significantly lower fractional anisotropy in 16 brain regions (P<0.01), a significantly higher mean diffusivity in 7 brain regions (P<0.05), a significantly higher axial diffusivity in 8 brain regions (P<0.05), and a significantly higher radial diffusivity in 16 brain regions (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>FGR may cause abnormalities in the maturity and integrity of white matter fiber tracts.</p>

Effect of botulinum toxin A injection in the treatment of gastrocnemius spasticity in children aged 9-36 months with cerebral palsy: a prospective study / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the long-term clinical efficacy and adverse effects of botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) injection in the treatment of gastrocnemius spasticity in children aged 9-36 months with cerebral palsy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty children aged 9-36 months with cerebral palsy and gastrocnemius spasticity were selected and randomly divided into a BTX-A injection group and a conventional treatment group (n=40 each). The children in the BTX-A injection group received injections of BTX-A guided by color Doppler ultrasound and 4 courses of rehabilitation training after injection. Those in the conventional treatment group received 4 courses of the same rehabilitation training alone. Before treatment and at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after treatment, the modified Tardieu scale (MTS) was applied to assess the degree of gastrocnemius spasticity, the values in the passive state measured by surface electromyography (sEMG) were applied to evaluate muscle tension, and the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) was used to evaluate gross motor function.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the conventional treatment group, the BTX-A injection group had significantly greater reductions in MTS score and the values in the passive state measured by sEMG (P<0.05), as well as significantly greater increases in joint angles R1 and R2 in MTS and gross motor score in GMFM (P<0.05). No serious adverse reactions related to BTX-A injection were found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>BTX-A injection is effective and safe in the treatment of gastrocnemius spasticity in children aged 9-36 months with cerebral palsy.</p>

Effect of Ranibizumab intravitreal injection before 23 G - vitrectomy surgery in the treatment of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To analyze the effect of preoperative intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab ( lVR ) in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy ( PPV ) for proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( PDR) . ●METHODS:ln this retrospective research, 62 patients (67 eyes ) with PDR in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from Jun. 2014 to Jun. 2015 were recruited. They were assigned to an experimental group ( n=37 eyes ) and a control group ( n=30 eyes ) . The patients in experimental group were given 1 injection of lVR ( Lucentis 1. 0mg/0. 1mL ) 1wk before surgery, whereas those in control group went down to surgery directly. The average operation time, iatrogenic breaks, the use of tamponade, electric coagulation, and vision increase rate were comparatively analyzed between two groups. ●RESULTS:The average operation time was (91. 7±20. 8) min in the experimental group vs (117. 6±18. 6)min in the PPV group(t = -5. 314,P ●CONCLUSION:lVR before microincision vitrectomy can effectively shorten the operation time, reduce the use of electric coagulation and intraocular tamponade, and improve the rate of visual improvement for PDR patients.

Application of trypan blue and indocyanine green in mature and hypermature cataracts / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Abstract?AlM: To assess the efficacy and safety of trypan blue and indocyanine green ( lCG ) for continuous curvilineal capsulorrhexis ( CCC ) in mature or hypermature phacoemulsification.?METHODS: A total of 122 eyes of 122 cases with cataracts in mature and hypermature were randomly divided into three groups, trypan blue staining group was 46 eyes of 46 cases as group A, lCG staining group was 40 eyes of 40 cases as group B, control group was 36 eyes of 36 cases as group C. Staining groups were used to 0. 2mL trypan blue or lCG injected into the anterior chamber during operation, respectively. The success rate of CCC, lens posterior capsule rupture and implanted intraocular lens pouch were observed and compared during operation. Anterior chamber inflammation was observed after operation, and compared with the control group to observe and analysis.? RESULTS: The success rate of CCC, implanted intraocular lens pouch were statistically significant difference in trypan blue staining group ( group A ) than that in control group (group C) (P 0. 05 ) . Anterior chamber inflammation was no significant difference in the postoperative reaction among the three groups.?CONCLUSlON:The application of trypan blue or lCG for lens capsule staining before CCC in lack of red reflective mature and hypermature cataracts is safe and effective, both results are comparable. lt guarantees a complete CCC and improves the success rate of phacoemulsification.

Effects of lanthanum carbonate on vascular calcification in elderly maintenance hemodialysis patients / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The effect of lanthanum carbonate on abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in the elderly maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients was investigated. Fifty-four cases subjected to routine MHD complicated with skin pruritus admitted to our hospital were selected and randomly divided into case group (n=28) and control group (n=26). The control group was given routine MHD alone. The case group was given lanthanum carbonate additionally on the basis of routine MHD. The changes of itching degrees at first and third month, and serum calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus products, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels and AAC scores at third month after treatments were compared between the two groups. The correlation between calcium-phosphorus products and AAC scores was also analyzed. There was no significant difference in the baseline of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), uric acid, albumin, hemoglobin, C reactive protein (CRP), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, total cholesterol between case group and control group (P>0.05 for all). There was also no significant difference in the baseline itching scores between the case group and the control group (P>0.05). At 1st and 3rd month after treatment, the itching scores in the case group were 14.2 ± 3.2 and 10.5 ± 2.3, respectively, which were significantly lower than the baseline and those in the control group (P<0.05 for all). At 1st and 3rd month after treatment, the itching scores in the control group were 23.6 ± 5.9 and 24.8 ± 6.3, respectively, which were significantly higher than the baseline (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the baseline of serum calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus products, iPTH levels between the case group and control group (P>0.05). At 3rd month after treatment, serum phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus products and iPTH levels in the case group were decreased significantly as compared with the baseline (P<0.05), and the serum calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus products, and iPTH levels were statistically decreased as compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). The AAC scores showed statistically significant difference between the case group and the control group (P<0.05). The serum phosphorus and AAC scores showed a positive correlation in both two groups. It was suggested that the administration of lanthanum carbonate in the elderly MHD patients can effectively relieve itching, and simultaneously reduce serum phosphorus and iPTH levels, resulting in the attenuation of vascular calcification.

Recent progress of potential effects and mechanisms of chlorogenic acid and its intestinal metabolites on central nervous system diseases / 中国中药杂志

Chlorogenic acid displays several important roles in the therapeutic properties of many herbs, such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, antiviral, scavenging free radicals and exciting central nervous system. Only about one-third of chlorogenic acid was absorbed in its prototype, therefore, its gut metabolites play a more important role in the therapeutic properties of chlorogenic acid. It is necessary to consider not only the bioactivities of chlorogenic acid but also its gut metabolites. This review focuses on the potential activities and mechanisms of chlorogenic acid and its gut metabolites on central nervous system diseases.

Pharmacological Study on Periplaneta Americana against Alcohol-induced Liver Injury / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to explore the effect of Periplaneta Americana against alcohol-induced liver injury in mice, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the industrial production of P. Americana. Kunming mice were randomly divided into six groups, which were the normal group, model group, positive group, high-, middle-, low-dose of P. Americana groups. Intragastric administration of Tiopronin Enteric-coated Tablets 100 mg·kg-1 was given to the positive group. Intragastric administrations of whole powder of medicine were given to the high-, middle-, low-dose groups with the dosage of 6.667, 3.333, 1.667 g·kg-1, respectively. The drugs were given daily for 10 con-secutive days. After 3h of the 10th day drug administration, intragastric administration of distilled water was given to the normal group, while 14mL·kg-1 of 56℃ Red Star Liquor was given to other groups. No food was given but water for 12h. Blood was collected from the orbit. The ALT, AST and GGT in blood serum of mice were measured. The liver was dissected and liver coefficient was calculated. Histopathological examination was given on liver tissues. The results showed that compared with the normal group, the level of ALT, AST in blood serum of the model group had obvious enhanced (P< 0.01), the level of GGT had obvious enhanced (P< 0.05). Compared with the model group, the level of GGT, AST of the high-, middle-dose group had obvious enhanced (P< 0.05), the level of ALT activity had obvious enhanced (P< 0.01). There were severe liver histopathological damages in mice of the high-, middle-, low-dose group. It was concluded that P. Americana had some side effects in the treatment of alcohol-induced liver injury.

Therapeutic effect of ketogenic diet for refractory epilepsy in children: a prospective observational study / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical efficiency, electroencephalogram (EEG) changes and cognitive improvements of ketogenic diet (KD) in children with refractory epilepsy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty pediatric patients (7-61 months in age) with refractory epilepsy were recruited between August 2012 and August 2013. KD therapy was performed on all participants for at least 3 months based on a fasting initiation protocol with the lipid-to-nonlipid ratio being gradually increased to 4 : 1. Seizure frequency, type and degree were recorded before and during KD therapy. A 24 hours video-electroencephalogram (V-EEG) examination and Gesell Developmental Scale assessment were performed prior to KD therapy, and 3, 6, 9 months after KD therapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six patients became seizure free after KD therapy, with a complete control rate of 30%. Seizure frequency reduction occurred in 13 (65%) patients, EEG improvement in 8 (40%) patients, and improvement in Gesell Developmental Scales (gross motor and adaptability in particular) in 6 (30%) patients. The KD therapy-related side effects were mild.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>KD therapy is safety and effective in reducing seizure frequency and improving EEG and cognitive function in children with refractory epilepsy.</p>

Interaction between putrescine and hydrogen peroxide on regulating triterpenoid production in Betula platyphylla / 中草药

Objective: To analyze the interaction between putrescine (Put) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the regulation of triterpenoid production in Betula platyphylla suspension cell culture. Methods: Put (1 mmol/L), H2O2 (0.1 mmol/L), and fungal elicitors (40 μg/mL) were added into the eight-day-old B. platyphylla suspension cell culture, and the changes of triterpenoid content, polyamine content, and H2O2 fluorescence intensity were analyzed by chemical colorimetry, HPLC, and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Results: Put (1 mmol/L) increased the H2O2 fluorescence intensity and triterpenoid content in B. platyphylla suspension cell culture. H2O2 (0.1 mmol/L) promoted the triterpenoid production, inhibited the production of spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), and had no effectt on Put content. Under the treatment of 1 mmol/L Put and 0.1 mmol/L H2O2, H2O2 fluorescence intensity and polyamine (PAs) content were between its separated treatment, and triterpenoid content was significantly higher than its separated treatment. Comparing with the fungal elicitor, fungal elicitor and H2O2 scavenger catalase (CAT) induced an increase of 0.62% and 16.05% in Put and Spd content, respectively, while no effect on Spm content. Fungal elicitor and PAs synthesis inhibitor D-arginine (D-arg) decreased the H2O2 fluorescence intensity. Under the treatment of fungal elicitor, the fluorescence intensity of CAT and D-arg, H2O2 and the contents of PAs and triterpenoid were lower than those of fungal elicitor and CAT or D-arg, but triterpenoid content was still higher than that of the control. Conclusion: This can be inferred that the interaction between Put and H2O2 regulates the triterpenoid production in birch suspension cell culture.